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  • File:Scotland, Kneep Buckle and Strap end.jpg
    (448 × 200 (60 KB)) - 18:08, 2 July 2017
  • File:MaA Accute and Obtuse angles.JPG
    (679 × 233 (33 KB)) - 19:39, 1 October 2017
  • ==Trousers, Hose and Brais==
    700 bytes (101 words) - 20:44, 7 January 2018
  • ''For other styles of outer clothing worn by women see [[Women's Cloaks and Coats]]''<br>
    828 bytes (120 words) - 13:58, 11 January 2018
  • ...e shape, with a hole for the head at the point. It is worn like a poncho, and should reach mid-calf when worn loose. Angevin Cloaks are worn on the shoulders and are clasped at the front with a chain. Angevin Cloaks can be lined in a dif
    3 KB (458 words) - 16:23, 11 January 2018
  • 691 bytes (99 words) - 15:54, 11 January 2018
  • 744 bytes (105 words) - 20:56, 10 January 2018
  • 650 bytes (92 words) - 11:31, 14 January 2018
  • ==Writing and Illumination==
    731 bytes (101 words) - 23:40, 30 October 2018
  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> == Frisians and Carolingians ==
    645 bytes (77 words) - 15:07, 14 January 2018
  • #REDIRECT [[Frisians and Carolingians]]
    2 members (0 subcategories, 0 files) - 15:45, 14 January 2018
  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts -->
    881 bytes (108 words) - 15:20, 22 January 2018
  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> ==Frisian and Carolingian Men==
    1 KB (175 words) - 15:33, 23 January 2018
  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> ==Frisian and Carolingian Warriors==
    730 bytes (102 words) - 16:00, 14 January 2018
  • ...period, often for jobs for which we now use plastics. Quite a lot of bone and antler objects have survived, partly because it was widely used, but also d ...red deer antlers as an example were used almost completely, only the tines and the brow ridge being discarded occasionally.
    9 KB (1,527 words) - 00:00, 31 October 2018
  • |SubCategory= Religion and the Church<!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Religion and the Church<!-- e.g. Crafts -->
    529 bytes (68 words) - 01:17, 27 August 2018
  • |SubCategory= Crafts and Everyday Life<!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Crafts and Everyday Life<!-- e.g. Crafts -->
    531 bytes (68 words) - 01:17, 27 August 2018
  • |SubCategory= Weapons and Warfare<!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Weapons and Warfare<!-- e.g. Crafts -->
    521 bytes (66 words) - 01:17, 27 August 2018
  • #Redirect [[Topic: Religion and the Church]]
    0 members (0 subcategories, 0 files) - 01:21, 27 August 2018
  • #Redirect [[Topic: Weapons and Warfare]]
    0 members (0 subcategories, 0 files) - 01:21, 27 August 2018
  • #Redirect [[Topic: Crafts and Everyday Life]]
    0 members (0 subcategories, 0 files) - 01:21, 27 August 2018
  • ...the ruling elite. It wasn't that they were somehow a whole people separate and above the native population who were known as the 'commoners'. It is largel ...conquest of Britain the highest rank amongst the Normans was Dux, or duke, and the title' of Duke of Normandy' was held by the English Kings from 1066 unt
    10 KB (1,709 words) - 17:46, 27 August 2018
  • ...ge social events such as weddings, were also an excuse for the competitive and those of the gambling persuasion to exercise their skills. If there were th ...a more legs down position in the water. This makes for tiresome swimming, and we found that the Breast stroke was the only really viable way to swim.) Co
    14 KB (2,508 words) - 18:50, 27 August 2018
  • ==Stories and Songs== ...uch as 'Widsith' and 'Deor' appear to be fiction or folklore. Much history and custom was passed on by word of mouth. It is easier to remember things exac
    20 KB (3,637 words) - 18:53, 27 August 2018
  • ...s a the switch. Even this is not always a perfect way to pigeonhole events and artefacts. ...arch and archaeology, by comparing what the chroniclers of the time wrote, and the practicalities of constructing such a thing today, using 1000 year old
    2 KB (297 words) - 19:11, 27 August 2018
  • ...ith fine wall hangings; kept warm with fires, lamps and people; the colour and splendour of the clothes kept for such occasions all added to the atmospher ...was a tender meat, in some cases game and fowl such as plover, goose, swan and even peacock were on the menu.
    9 KB (1,694 words) - 21:43, 27 August 2018
  • ==Fruit and Vegetables== ...hough we have documentary proof for the importation of such things as figs and grapes.<ref>Viking Age England, Julian Richards, p94.</ref>
    16 KB (2,884 words) - 15:03, 30 August 2018
  • ==Glass and Amber Working== ...s.gif|thumb|left|Early Viking glass drinking vessels were largely conical, and about 120mm or 5 inches high, developing into the bag-beaker style later on
    10 KB (1,735 words) - 17:46, 26 October 2018
  • ...to choose from. The problem with wooden buildings is that they catch fire and decay much more easily than stone buildings, which meant that they had to b ...parts of Scandinavia, so other materials were used as well, such as stone and turf.
    21 KB (3,650 words) - 14:44, 30 August 2018
  • ==Wool and Stuff== ...pe that the information I have accumulated will be of use to Regia members and others interested in this period.
    7 KB (1,173 words) - 17:24, 26 October 2018
  • 637 bytes (84 words) - 23:43, 30 October 2018

Page text matches

  • ...years of William the Conqueror's rule, England was under constant threat, and often attack, from the Northmen. ...changed a great deal in the 969 years between the time of Tacitus" writing and the battle of Hastings.
    28 KB (4,934 words) - 16:13, 27 August 2018
  • ==Fruit and Vegetables== ...hough we have documentary proof for the importation of such things as figs and grapes.<ref>Viking Age England, Julian Richards, p94.</ref>
    16 KB (2,884 words) - 15:03, 30 August 2018
  • ...to choose from. The problem with wooden buildings is that they catch fire and decay much more easily than stone buildings, which meant that they had to b ...parts of Scandinavia, so other materials were used as well, such as stone and turf.
    21 KB (3,650 words) - 14:44, 30 August 2018
  • ...This document has been constructed over a number of years using the ideas and influence ..., and the activities they undertake in the combat arena and outside of it, and for the most part, rewarding their efforts with a competitive edge.<br>
    22 KB (3,847 words) - 13:11, 27 October 2021
  • ...They were often rectangular, with the 1 and 2 on either end and the 3,4,5, and 6 on the four long sides. ...such as 'who can get the highest (or lowest) number were probably common (and are suggested by some of the sagas), as were games similar to 'liar dice' o
    21 KB (3,720 words) - 15:19, 26 October 2018
  • ...did survive to be executed by their lord's successor for their disloyalty and lack of zeal. ...e fallen on the eorls. It was their job to summon the fyrd in emergencies, and this they, or their ðegns could have done reasonably quickly in the areas
    21 KB (3,638 words) - 20:07, 31 October 2018
  • ...l depended on a total reorganisation of their realm, both administratively and militarily. ...ith his own personal war-band, augmented by the war-bands of his ealdormen and thegns.
    20 KB (3,528 words) - 20:07, 31 October 2018
  • ==Stories and Songs== ...uch as 'Widsith' and 'Deor' appear to be fiction or folklore. Much history and custom was passed on by word of mouth. It is easier to remember things exac
    20 KB (3,637 words) - 18:53, 27 August 2018
  • ...of Anglo-Saxon Food: Processing and Consumption, Anglo-Saxon Books.</ref> and cooking <ref>For authentic recipes please see BR & SM Levick, Wulfwyn's Wor ...aught only eels. So the Bishop's men got together eel nets from all sides. and threw them into the sea. By God's help they caught three hundred fish, of a
    18 KB (3,240 words) - 14:06, 27 October 2018
  • ...ather were just as important then as they are today; flexibility, strength and durability. ...d easy but if the leather got wet the oils or minerals could be washed out and the leather would begin to carry on the rotting process.
    13 KB (2,425 words) - 23:45, 30 October 2018
  • ...r tale has it that a Danish Jarl named Ulf got lost during Cnut's invasion and was guided back to his ships by a handsome, well-spoken youth to whom he to ...mark and, although only in his early twenties, became the King's companion and closest advisor. For the rest of his life, Godwin remained the most powerfu
    15 KB (2,772 words) - 17:45, 27 August 2018
  • ...ge social events such as weddings, were also an excuse for the competitive and those of the gambling persuasion to exercise their skills. If there were th ...a more legs down position in the water. This makes for tiresome swimming, and we found that the Breast stroke was the only really viable way to swim.) Co
    14 KB (2,508 words) - 18:50, 27 August 2018
  • ...al family of Wessex was universally recognised as the English royal family and held a hereditary right to rule. Succession to the throne was not guarantee ...hire, responsible for administration and justice, for calling out the fyrd and leading its forces in the field. The office was not hereditary, but it beca
    11 KB (1,906 words) - 17:42, 27 August 2018
  • Please add all images and descriptions here. Each tile can then be selected on the relevant gallery t ...mantle. Under this she wears a woollen dress cut slightly short in the arm and skirt to expose a little of the linen undershift beneath.
    27 KB (3,791 words) - 19:06, 26 January 2018
  • ...eeled off. Usually, we only hear of what they did to the southern English, and rarely of what they did to each other. ...Dublin, a clan that was just as ambitious as the ruling family of Wessex, and just as determined to gain itself a kingdom in the north of England - the C
    13 KB (2,262 words) - 18:03, 27 August 2018
  • ...deep. Clay is very heavy, and difficult to dig out. The rest of Britain by and large had to make do with 'costly' imports that could have come from a few ...-Saxon times pottery 'urns' were used to hold ashes of people who had died and been cremated. These were then often buried in small 'barrows'. Many of the
    17 KB (2,897 words) - 20:00, 26 October 2018
  • ...reatures, in addition to the other wild creatures that inhabited the towns and villages including the domestic animals. ...ve had horns. Goats were also shorter versions of the feral goats of today and horses would have been much like modern Dales ponies or Icelandic Horses, n
    8 KB (1,442 words) - 15:21, 30 August 2018
  • ...and giants, they swept across Europe like a forest fire raping, pillaging and destroying all in their path. Sound familiar? It should do, it's the image ...tood between the Vikings and their silver - the clerical staff of churches and abbeys.
    12 KB (2,191 words) - 17:55, 27 August 2018
  • ...observed; and the judicial, which determines whether laws have been broken and, if so, exacts punishment. ...as many differences within, say, West Saxon law as there were between that and Mercian law.
    13 KB (2,339 words) - 18:27, 27 August 2018
  • ...d of plaiting becomes apparent when the tension of the threads is released and the fabric can be stretched across it's width. ==Origins and history==
    10 KB (1,837 words) - 00:05, 31 October 2018
  • # How common were bows, and were they used in battle? # What type of bow was used?, and;
    19 KB (3,451 words) - 12:17, 30 August 2018
  • The evolution of Saxon and then Anglo-Saxon Britain and the demise of the British peoples is almost all due to a fairly unknown lea ..., leaving Britain to fend for itself. Despite being 'thrown to the lions', and hanging on because of it, the rulers of Britain from that date were referre
    15 KB (2,459 words) - 17:57, 27 August 2018
  • The Viking raids and invasions of the ninth and tenth century led to Scandinavian settlement in many parts of Europe. One o ...the dukedom was enlarged, and the inhabitants became less and less Viking, and more Frankish in their way of life until eventually they became the people
    10 KB (1,859 words) - 17:59, 27 August 2018
  • ...ith fine wall hangings; kept warm with fires, lamps and people; the colour and splendour of the clothes kept for such occasions all added to the atmospher ...was a tender meat, in some cases game and fowl such as plover, goose, swan and even peacock were on the menu.
    9 KB (1,694 words) - 21:43, 27 August 2018
  • ...rge no different to 'Jeweller's Rouge' that is used today to polish silver and bronze. A popular way of finishing silver jewellery was to melt a black pas ...d evidence of mercury, as used in fire-gilding, has been excavated at York and Hedeby.
    9 KB (1,649 words) - 19:49, 26 October 2018
  • ...inent in France and Germany, people were still putting up stone buildings, and still renovating the old Roman ones. ...Lincolnshire, and Earls Barton in Northamptonshire. There are many more up and down Britain, some more corrupted by later modifications than others.
    10 KB (1,719 words) - 19:46, 26 October 2018
  • ...nze needle and a ball of yarn. They could even spin very fine silk threads and weave these into decorative braids, although it is more likely that they on ...ed fibre followed by silk. The silk would have been imported from the east and would have passed through the hands of many traders before reaching these
    11 KB (2,006 words) - 20:51, 31 October 2018
  • ...ape has to a great extent affected what grew where and when. The elevation and rainfall or moistness of the soil are the greatest factors which control ho ...or two in diameter and a few feet long. From this samples can be extracted and examined microscopically to analyse what types of pollen have become trappe
    7 KB (1,289 words) - 15:27, 30 August 2018
  • ...ath (the huge smoking crater) I present here a brief account of the gentle and ancient art of charcoal burning, as carried out in Regia's period of intere ...30 hours for 3 - 4 tons of wood (the amount we had available in the lakes) and produces, in ideal conditions, about a ton of charcoal.
    9 KB (1,713 words) - 09:59, 27 October 2018
  • ...rged by the village or town smith. The demand for iron products by royalty and noblemen meant that they had their own dedicated teams of smiths. ...eted. The seams were beaten together so that they became watertight joints and didn't expand apart in the heat of the fire. There really wasn't a craftsma
    11 KB (2,072 words) - 19:48, 26 October 2018
  • ...period, often for jobs for which we now use plastics. Quite a lot of bone and antler objects have survived, partly because it was widely used, but also d ...red deer antlers as an example were used almost completely, only the tines and the brow ridge being discarded occasionally.
    9 KB (1,527 words) - 00:00, 31 October 2018
  • ...the unfree. This situation prevailed through the Vendel and Viking periods and was only significantly altered in the 11th century with the advent of unifi ...e slave of his creditor until he redeemed his debt. Thralls had few rights and could hold no land, so instead of being fined for lawbreaking they were bea
    9 KB (1,536 words) - 17:49, 27 August 2018
  • ...that you had in mind. These natural joints are stronger than man-made ones and save the carpenter a lot of time creating joints. Wherever possible they wo ...uld be split easily (green oak can be split with a seasoned wooden wedge), and need not be sawn. The big advantage of using cleft (meaning split) timber i
    8 KB (1,420 words) - 10:03, 30 August 2018
  • ==Glass and Amber Working== ...s.gif|thumb|left|Early Viking glass drinking vessels were largely conical, and about 120mm or 5 inches high, developing into the bag-beaker style later on
    10 KB (1,735 words) - 17:46, 26 October 2018
  • ...ment has been found. The third is the written evidence found in historical and literary sources; the most revealing in this category are the riddles. Thes ...r me, leaving black tracks. Then a man bound me, he stretched skin over me and adorned me with gold; thus am I enriched by the wondrous work of smiths, wo
    9 KB (1,562 words) - 13:56, 27 October 2018
  • ...of early mediaeval Wales is bedevilled by the lack of contemporary written and pictorial sources. As a result there are long periods of time where we know ...amount. It is virtually impossible to tell which laws are twelfth century and which are earlier.
    8 KB (1,425 words) - 18:06, 27 August 2018
  • ==How the language of the Saxons and Vikings is still in use today== ...did not kill all the native Britons they did almost destroy their language and replaced the native 'Celtic' language with their own 'Germanic' tongue. Wit
    13 KB (2,186 words) - 19:34, 26 October 2018
  • ...the ruling elite. It wasn't that they were somehow a whole people separate and above the native population who were known as the 'commoners'. It is largel ...conquest of Britain the highest rank amongst the Normans was Dux, or duke, and the title' of Duke of Normandy' was held by the English Kings from 1066 unt
    10 KB (1,709 words) - 17:46, 27 August 2018
  • ==Wool and Stuff== ...pe that the information I have accumulated will be of use to Regia members and others interested in this period.
    7 KB (1,173 words) - 17:24, 26 October 2018
  • ...n (and sometimes a small amount of lead). Any alloy, or mixture, of copper and tin is called bronze. Many bronze alloys also contain small amounts of othe ...lloy. Brass was also used in the period, and is often confused with Bronze and vice versa if no actual analysis is done on the 'Copper alloy' as it is cal
    6 KB (1,005 words) - 19:46, 26 October 2018
  • =Bows And Arrows= ...the bow end. The grip was left bare without any leather or cloth for grip, and the 'knocking point' of the arrow didn't have a sliver of horn to protect t
    9 KB (1,648 words) - 16:33, 27 August 2018
  • ...small fire was lit in the pit, the pots were assembled around the top edge and turned frequently, this warming prevents later explosions when the pots are ...y a turf was lifted, just to make sure that enough air was flowing through and to draw the fire slightly.
    7 KB (1,279 words) - 20:06, 26 October 2018
  • ...rousers (or hose and braies), shoes, a cloak, an under shirt, leg bindings and a leather buckled belt. Either a tunic or shirt must be worn at all times ...r linen (Optional). It should be reasonably close-fitting around the neck, and if a “keyhole” neckline is chosen, the slit should be made only large e
    8 KB (1,314 words) - 12:52, 27 October 2021
  • ...is army. In addition the lord could call upon his estates to provide ships and crews (the coastal nature of Scandinavian warfare meant that armies were of ...verage guide, although if each crew had say three times the number of bows and arrows to mail shirts, then carnage was almost always guaranteed. So either
    5 KB (915 words) - 20:08, 31 October 2018
  • ...the land from the Fomorians and they were helped by their god of medicine and physic, Diancecht. ...They each climbed from the well, whole again and fit to rejoin the battle; and in this manner, which I shall forbear to call cheating, the Tuatha De Danaa
    5 KB (937 words) - 22:19, 27 August 2018
  • ...lted". Malting is the process by which the grain is soaked over a few days and then laid out to dry. Once it starts to germinate, it is very roughly crush No not the potato variety! Mash is the name given to the mix of malt and gruit which are allowed to ferment together.
    7 KB (1,226 words) - 21:28, 27 August 2018
  • ...Household Troops', the highly trained soldier who served a particular lord and his family or household. Certainly by the later eleventh century, the Norse ...Englishmen into his elite guard to aid the unification between Englishmen and Danes. Whatever the reason, it can be seen that this would have given Cnut
    7 KB (1,303 words) - 20:08, 31 October 2018
  • The history, origins, construction and use of 'needle-binding' with specific reference to the 'Coppergate sock'. ...ced in a darning technique, with a coarse needle and length of plied yarn, and where the thread of the new stitch is passed arbitrarily through at least t
    10 KB (1,628 words) - 14:25, 7 April 2020
  • The Church was a structured organisation, with a system of grades or ranks and a geographical structure. The rank system is best understood if we consider .... When people were sick or dying the priest would offer help and comfort - and perhaps even medical assistance.
    5 KB (875 words) - 11:34, 30 August 2018
  • ...e many things that would be needed around the farm: iron, salt, lead, hone and building stone, wine, fish, flax, antler, etc.. Common sense shows us that ...an, the lead mined in Bristol, or the salt obtained from pans in Droitwich and Cheshire. More 'exotic' items came from overseas, including quern-stones fr
    5 KB (832 words) - 17:47, 27 August 2018
  • ...what the chroniclers meant. Late Roman shield finds, the shield from Nydam and a fragment from the Isle of Man all have paint applied directly to the wood ...ied in size from around 45 - 120cm (18" - 48") in diameter but the smaller and more manageable 75 - 90cm (30" - 36") is by far the most common.
    7 KB (1,235 words) - 16:38, 27 August 2018
  • ...tside the formularised heroic literature, descriptions of battles, tactics and army compositions are rare. The main literary sources are: * 'Culhwch and Olwen' in the same manuscript as the Mabinogi but provenancable from a slig
    6 KB (976 words) - 20:09, 31 October 2018
  • ...in use at the same time as the coin. It does not follow that both the coin and the building were concurrent. ...le objects within the same layer will help to date that particular context and contribute towards the dating of the whole site. But what about wood? - thi
    9 KB (1,599 words) - 19:12, 27 August 2018
  • ''This article and its response originally appeared as '''Much Ado About Bondage''' in our soc ...yzantine manuscripts and ivory caskets is their depiction of a chest strap and two shoulder straps over the lamellar armour. In the Osprey books, this is
    7 KB (1,267 words) - 21:15, 30 October 2018
  • ...or these people was 'Galatai'. The Romans used the words 'Celtae', 'Galli' and 'Galatae'. Ephorus a Greek writer accorded them as being one of the four gr ...n Yoke'. The Romans had indeed brought the peoples of Britain great wealth and opportunity by connecting them to a greater Europe. The country was transfo
    6 KB (1,007 words) - 17:58, 27 August 2018
  • ....jpg|thumb|left|A C9th Anglo-Saxon sword with a silver inlayed iron pommel and grip]] ...revious owners bravery. The blades were between 72 - 80cm (29" - 32") long and about 7.5cm (3") broad at their widest with a shallow but broad groove or f
    8 KB (1,430 words) - 19:59, 31 October 2018
  • ...of iron from a piece of sheet, or drawing iron wire through a draw-plate, and winding this around a cylindrical former. It was then cut off with a chisel ...whole mailshirt was likely to have been 'oil tempered' to make it stronger and give some degree of rust-proofing.
    6 KB (990 words) - 21:16, 30 October 2018
  • ...harters and Domesday Book, but the evidence for them is mostly fragmentary and widely scattered. ...ick demonstrates. He was captured by pirates in the south-west of England, and spent six years in Ireland before escaping.
    4 KB (676 words) - 18:53, 12 August 2019
  • ...rope in the early middle ages. Its intended purpose is to put Christianity and paganism into perspective. ...ow are raging. This sparrow flies swiftly in through one door of the hall, and out through another. While he is inside, he is safe from the winter storms:
    5 KB (942 words) - 11:40, 30 August 2018
  • ...thicken, add a third part of pure wine, put it into two or three new pots, and continue boiling until you see that it forms a sort of skin on top. ...a piece of iron a finger thick, put it into the fire, let it get red-hot, and immediately throw it into the ink.'
    5 KB (937 words) - 12:08, 30 August 2018
  • ...inary sword could have been made. Its length varied according to its role, and examples found range from 7.5 - 75cm (3" - 30") blade length. However the a The smaller examples range from about 7.5 - 35cm (3" - 14") in blade length, and this is probably the knife referred to as the '''''hadseax'''''. These smal
    5 KB (950 words) - 23:41, 30 October 2018
  • ...e form of facings, embroidery or tablet weave, can be applied to the cuffs and neck-hole but not around the hem of the skirt. Tunics are usually made from Leg coverings, if worn at all, should be tight to the leg and can be hose and braies or trousers. Leg wraps can also be worn. These are long strips of 10
    4 KB (647 words) - 19:58, 21 January 2018
  • ...ts sometimes including a mail coif. Helmets were made in a variety of ways and from several materials, with the single objective of deflecting or complete ...rk although it could be added separately. A few of the earlier Anglo-Saxon and Viking helmets had spectacle like eye-guards or visors although these seem
    6 KB (1,012 words) - 21:11, 30 October 2018
  • ...e third century, long before the English arrived. The English were pagans, and the British churches were badly affected by the English invasions. There is ...ugustine and his companions were able to start restoring ancient churches, and building new ones.
    4 KB (601 words) - 11:35, 30 August 2018
  • ...prays or prophesies with her head unveiled disgraces her head—it is one and the same thing as having her head shaved. For if a woman will not veil hers All women and girls who have passed puberty must cover the tops of their heads. A simple
    9 KB (1,387 words) - 19:18, 14 January 2018
  • ...and eleventh centuries. Consequently, we often pick up odd misconceptions and attitudes. ...a matter of choice, it was a matter of fact. Atheism was an alien concept (and one dating from the eighteenth century). Living in the middle ages, you wou
    3 KB (486 words) - 19:24, 13 January 2018
  • ...the weapon par excellence among the Germanic peoples even during the tenth and eleventh centuries. ...le of Maldon in 991 the Eorl led his men into battle armed with his 'spear and shield'; it was only after he had killed two men with his spears that he th
    5 KB (974 words) - 23:41, 30 October 2018
  • ...ful and we can assume that two such similar clergymen established a strong and useful partnership. ...g such lands. It would further these plans greatly if the Duke of Normandy and perhaps the future King of England would give his support if not his availa
    5 KB (883 words) - 17:46, 27 August 2018
  • ...st few years. These ovens have been partly due to the efforts of Ted Jones and a few other individuals. My thanks must go to those people. Without their i ...use. It had been built over the remains of an earlier oven 3' x 5' in area and 9" deep, the floor of which showed considerable signs of intense heat.
    7 KB (1,398 words) - 13:59, 28 August 2018
  • ...and eleventh centuries. Consequently, we often pick up odd misconceptions and attitudes. ...a matter of choice, it was a matter of fact. Atheism was an alien concept (and one dating from the eighteenth century). Living in the middle ages, you wou
    2 KB (385 words) - 11:36, 30 August 2018
  • ...etimes they ask stupid questions. It’s the golden moments when they stop and really engage with a display that make it all worthwhile though, so anythin ...public we get at a show will make a difference, but if you think marketing and advertising, think what would make you walk into a shop or stop at a market
    3 KB (564 words) - 14:05, 6 July 2017
  • ...h England and in Carolingian Europe, and worn loosely draped over the head and wrapped around the shoulders whilst leaving the neck showing.<br> ...e form of facings, embroidery or tablet weave, can be applied to the cuffs and neck-hole. Tied belts of simple braid or cloth, sometimes ending in twin de
    4 KB (604 words) - 19:56, 21 January 2018
  • ...both in England and across Europe. It is worn loosely draped over the head and wrapped around the shoulders whilst leaving the neck showing. Equally popul ...ose the cuff of the shift underneath. Neck-holes are either round or oval, and can have a keyhole opening. Decoration, in the form of facings, embroidery
    4 KB (610 words) - 19:57, 21 January 2018
  • The alb was a long white tunic reaching to the ankles and with long sleeves, made from white linen or wool. It was worn by all ranks. ...f four to five feet. Common colours were green and purple, with white, red and dark brown (referred to as black) being reserved for special days. The chas
    5 KB (784 words) - 20:55, 13 January 2018
  • ...exorcists and acolytes. The Major Orders consisted of the deacons, priests and bishops. ...ear confession or celebrate Mass, but they were able to assist at services and carry out many of the lesser functions around the church.
    5 KB (830 words) - 11:22, 14 January 2018
  • Monasteries were places where men could go and devote their entire life to God. Most of their waking hours were governed b ...ing the monastery, but later the monks began the important task of copying and translating manuscripts. Their life was supposed to be spent entirely insid
    4 KB (680 words) - 11:46, 30 August 2018
  • ...e form of facings, embroidery or tablet weave, can be applied to the cuffs and neck-hole but not around the hem of the skirt. Tunics are usually made from ...gs, if worn at all, should be tight to the leg and can be trousers or hose and braies. Leg wraps can also be worn. These are long strips of 10cm wide wool
    4 KB (618 words) - 19:57, 21 January 2018
  • ...rst time. If it fails in this task, then please email wychurst@regia.org, and I shall do my best. The Wychurst Project Co-ordinator (WPC) is the backbone of the project and has the overview of what the current main tasks are. He has the final say o
    5 KB (790 words) - 18:09, 14 January 2018
  • ...the Danes the districts of Bayeux, Exmes and Sees, and in 933 the Cotenin and Avranchin. ...pted the Franks' language, religion, laws, customs, political organisation and methods of warfare. They had become Franks in all but name, for they were n
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  • ...trip the plume. The choice is yours as illustrations show them both plumed and stripped. ...d attempt to have only enough to complete three letters at a time. Be slow and patient, if you wish to make a quick written record use a diptych.
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  • ...a hard-working team, who together with the LHE coordinator, will organise and manage the setup of all such displays. ...epresent and demonstrate to the public snapshots of daily life, activities and crafts from Regia’s period of interest.
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  • ...nlets' which comes from the name for the fjords in the area called 'Viks', and in this sense it is generally applied to the Scandinavians. ...us (Russian Vikings), Anglo-Danes, Anglo-Norse, Hiberno-Norse, Icelanders, and Greenlanders.
    3 KB (590 words) - 17:59, 27 August 2018
  • ...et alone with a modern equivalent. However, that is what I am going to try and do in this article, if only in very general terms. One thing to bear in min ...from written laws, particularly the laws written down in the reigns of Ine and Alfred, where an average or rough 'replacement value' for an item would be
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  • ...oning or overcoming infection were slight, often resulting in an agonising and lengthy death. ...a bloody clash. No one in their right mind would contradict an armed thegn and his companions or Gesithas (pronounced as 'yeaseethass') with the authority
    3 KB (487 words) - 20:06, 31 October 2018
  • Regiapædia is for Officers and Members alike to produce and keep updated articles about our hobby. ...self. Some tabs and pages are restricted, mainly Officer Regulations pages and tabs. If you can edit it then you are allowed to do so.
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  • ...about the looms, for if their warp was stretched between the weaver's belt and a tree or table leg there would be no archaeological trace. .... The rigid heddle of bone or wood was a flat frame with alternating slots and slats, with holes in through which the warp threads passed. By raising or d
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  • ...tal work for the Celts and Vikings, but stone carvings, manuscript borders and illustration seem to be the main source for the Saxon designs. .... They will also have embroidery 'silks' (real silks are hard to come by), and transfer pencils to transfer your design on to the fabric (these work well
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  • ...arrior class. The seax was carried by the English, both as a status symbol and as a weapon of last resort. ...classed at the time as ‘cutting edge’ technology. For added protection and as a status symbol, a ‘byrnie’ style of mail shirt is sometimes worn, w
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  • ...n England and across Europe. The veil is worn loosely draped over the head and wrapped around the shoulders whilst leaving the neck showing. ...else with tight sleeves to the wrist. Neck-holes are either round or oval, and can have a keyhole opening. Decoration, in the form of facings, silk strips
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  • ...he centre grip. Mail shirts are usually only available to rich aristocrats and professional warriors, although they are becoming ever more common as the c ...arrior class. The seax was carried by the English, both as a status symbol and as a weapon of last resort.
    2 KB (321 words) - 19:58, 21 January 2018
  • ...uries and the new industrialised towns churn out evermore weapons, helmets and mail shirts. ...w carry them. The seax was carried by the English, both as a status symbol and as a weapon of last resort.
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  • ...after the Norman Conquest of 1066. Weapons and armour are generally plain and utilitarian being mass produced in the industrialised towns. ...aulberk style, a long mail shirt coming to the knees, split front and back and with an integral coif.
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  • ...were fairly elaborate with specially sewn parts in the shape of the boss, and their unit symbols on them. Perhaps a version of these was what the chronic ...is applied. Round shields were typically 80 - 90cm (31" - 36") in diameter and constructed from 6 - 10mm (1/4" - 3/8") thick planks.
    3 KB (535 words) - 17:36, 18 September 2017
  • ...were fairly elaborate with specially sewn parts in the shape of the boss, and their unit symbols on them. Perhaps a version of these was what the chronic ...is applied. Round shields were typically 80 - 90cm (31" - 36") in diameter and constructed from 6 - 10mm (1/4" - 3/8") thick planks.
    3 KB (535 words) - 21:04, 19 September 2017
  • ...the raw edge of the neck hole or cuffs. It is usually of the same material and colour as the tunic or shirt. Although we use the term bias edge, the cloth ...of cloth is sewn onto an edge of a piece of clothing around the neck hole and cuffs. The strip is usually of the same material on shirts but can be of a
    3 KB (518 words) - 16:40, 11 December 2017
  • ...s a the switch. Even this is not always a perfect way to pigeonhole events and artefacts. ...arch and archaeology, by comparing what the chroniclers of the time wrote, and the practicalities of constructing such a thing today, using 1000 year old
    2 KB (297 words) - 19:11, 27 August 2018
  • '''Preacher''': Our God is one, and yet has three aspects. ...comes in three forms too, Oðin, Villi and Ve. Sometimes they're brothers and sometimes they're one person.
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  • ...t members will use this information in the spirit in which it is intended, and not to seek to exploit ‘loopholes’ or push the boundaries of authentici Items listed as ([[R]]) are of very specific and restricted use and you should check against the Restricted pages (found at the end of Womens C
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  • ...ings, embroidery, silk strips or tablet weave, can be applied to the cuffs and neck-hole. Embroidery is sometimes applied to the tunic’s skirt but never ...facing to the hem of the tunic’s skirt. The Norman style of split front and rear shirt is also growing in popularity.
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  • ''For outer-layer clothing see [[Cloaks and Coats (Women's)|Women's Cloaks and Coats]]''<br> ...tight to the wrist. They are often made over long so as to cover the hand and then worn rucked back. Rolling the sleeves up the arm is considered '[[Unac
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  • The alb was a long white tunic reaching to the ankles and with long sleeves, made from white linen or wool. It was worn by all ranks. ...f four to five feet. Common colours were green and purple, with white, red and dark brown (referred to as black) being reserved for special days. The chas
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  • ...worn just as it is across Europe. It is worn loosely draped over the head and wrapped around the shoulders whilst leaving the neck showing. The hood like ...else with tight sleeves to the wrist. Neck-holes are either round or oval, and can have a keyhole opening. Decoration, in the form of facings, silk strips
    2 KB (377 words) - 14:02, 23 January 2018
  • ...idery, silk strips or tablet weave, can be applied to the cuffs, neck-hole and around the hem of the skirt. Tunics are usually made from wool but can also ...facing to the hem of the tunic’s skirt. The Norman style of split front and rear shirt is also common.
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  • Weapons and armour are generally plain and utilitarian being mass produced. The first crusade at the end of the 11th c ...ither at the elbow or at the wrist. Mail shirts also have an integral hood and some warriors in addition wear mail leg protection.
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  • [[File:L-G-SharpSeax-GA.jpg|left|thumb|300px|A Seax and Sheath]] ...bly really belongs to the pre-Viking period. They have only one sharp edge and a thick reverse edge.<br>
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  • ...ings, embroidery, silk strips or tablet weave, can be applied to the cuffs and neck-hole. Embroidery is sometimes applied to the tunic’s skirt but never ...coverings, if worn at all, should be tight to the leg and are usually hose and braies or more rarely trousers. Leg wraps can also be worn. These are long
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  • ...s worn tight to the forearm and wrist. Neck-holes are either round or oval and often have a keyhole opening. Most tunics are undecorated. Many men cover their hair with either a linen coif. Straw hats and hoods are also worn by working men.
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  • ...of the axe relatively cheap. The hafts of the smaller axes were between 60 and 95cm (2' - 3') long with a blade about 7.5 - 15cm (3" - 6") wide. One speci ...disarm a man wielding an axe by catching the axe where is joins the shaft and sweeping it out of the hand of the wielder.
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  • Although weapons and armour evolved considerably over Regia’s period of interest the following ...den round shield is the primary form of defence, faced in leather or cloth and with an iron boss covering the centre grip. Additional weapons could includ
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  • Weapons and armour are generally plain and utilitarian being mass produced. The third crusade at the end of the 12th c ...body including mailed mittens and foot covers. They wear full-faced helms and carry either a kite or heater shaped shield. Some are starting to wear simp
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  • ...orum owns a permanent site. Situated about sixty miles from central London and in a patch of secluded woodland near Canterbury in Kent. We are constructin ...see is the result of many long hours of research, discussion, supposition and the practical application of skills with which our ancestors would have fel
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  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> ==Frisian and Carolingian Men==
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  • ...worn just as it is across Europe. It is worn loosely draped over the head and wrapped around the shoulders whilst leaving the neck showing. The hood like ...else with tight sleeves to the wrist. Neck-holes are either round or oval, and can have a keyhole opening. Decoration, in the form of facings, silk strips
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  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> ==Frisian and Carolingian Warriors==
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  • ...Interestingly enough, feathers from the left wing fit the right hand best, and vice versa. Soak the feather in hot water until it is soft, harden it by pu ...best way to do this is to place the point of the knife inside the barrel, and lever the knife blade gently upwards, releasing pressure as soon as a crack
    2 KB (452 words) - 12:04, 30 August 2018
  • ...ors it has a broad blade with a cutting edge of about 22 - 45cm (9" - 18") and a long wooden ash haft some 1.2 - 1.5m (4' - 5' long).<br> ...xe prevents the Huscarl from standing close to any of his fellow huscarls, and this may well lead to trouble for him from any thrown javelin, however, the
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  • ...Worn with an open wimple the barbette is a tight band worn under the chin and tied to the top of the head. ...ight bodice and a lot of fabric in the skirt. Most dresses are undecorated and dresses with loose or bliaut style sleeves would have appeared very old fas
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  • ...watch out for potential damage to wargear which could pose a safety issue, and keep an eye on wargear authenticity for public facing shows.
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  • ...would appear that the sword belt (or baldric) is worn inside the hauberk, and that the sword is placed into the scabbard via a small slit in the hauberk ...houlders is not increased nearly as significantly as I would have thought, and that the hauberk actually sits more comfortably on the shoulders.
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  • ...can be found in books or on the internet are based on out of date concepts and theories. Please be careful before you use any of these to base your kit on No items found only from Gotland unless representing a character from Gotland and wearing 100% accurate Gotland kit.
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  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> == Frisians and Carolingians ==
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  • ...ere hung from the waist by these type of cords. Useful for drawing up bags and purses, garments were laced up with cords or 'chains' as they were termed. ...squared proportions. You can keep on knotting threads almost indefinitely, and with a thick thread, the cord formed is very strong. The method of knotting
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  • *Sharing published research from journals and websites ...the main website], if you recreate any of them here, inform the webmaster and he'll archive the old ones.
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  • ==Trousers, Hose and Brais==
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  • ...d Scotland, Ireland and England. It also includes those people from Sweden and the rest of the Baltic area, although it is hoped that members would choose
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  • ==Writing and Illumination==
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  • Regia Anglourm maintains a number of public and private members only Facebook Groups. Members of Regia who are interested i *Regia members info - Group Leaders put in a request to add a member and an admin will approve
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  • ...t interpretations of what can be very scant evidence. They are chaired by, and report to, the Authenticity Officer, who has to balance the weight of evide
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  • <big>'''Viking invasion and settlement. King Alfred and the Danelaw.'''</big><br>
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  • ...ow to use the spear, the axe, the sword and the mace in a safe, impressive and effective manner. They are also entrusted with a small ink stamp, whereby a
    1 KB (209 words) - 17:55, 25 June 2017
  • [[Help:Pages]] explains the different types of pages and has wizards to help you create new ones. [[Help:Links]] explains the Regiapædia link templates and also how to add links to wikitext.
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  • ...e shape, with a hole for the head at the point. It is worn like a poncho, and should reach mid-calf when worn loose. Angevin Cloaks are worn on the shoulders and are clasped at the front with a chain. Angevin Cloaks can be lined in a dif
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  • ...ave been of sombre colours. The term rift is often used of nun's clothing, and came to stand for the religious life, much as we may speak of a woman 'taki
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  • |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Frisians and Carolingians <!-- e.g. Crafts -->
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  • |SubCategory= Religion and the Church<!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Religion and the Church<!-- e.g. Crafts -->
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  • |SubCategory= Crafts and Everyday Life<!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Crafts and Everyday Life<!-- e.g. Crafts -->
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  • |SubCategory= Weapons and Warfare<!-- e.g. Crafts --> |SubCategory= Weapons and Warfare<!-- e.g. Crafts -->
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  • File:Lamell02.gif
    Lamellar armour showing overlap at sides and with the addition of chest and shoulder straps, by Roland Williamson
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  • File:C-coal02.gif
    b) Charcoal and twigs used to start fire; c) More charcoal added and clamp capped off
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  • File:Walls.gif
    Various types and methods of cladding and infill of Anglo-Saxon wooden buildings
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  • This category contains all the sites menu pages and navigation images.
    92 members (1 subcategory, 87 files) - 20:34, 14 June 2017
  • <big>'''Norman England and the Crusades. The Anarchy.'''</big>
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  • ''For other stave made items see [[Regia Butter-churns|Butter-churns]] and [[Regia Bowls|Bowls]]''<br>
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  • ...disarm a man wielding an axe by catching the axe where is joins the shaft and sweeping it out of the hand of the wielder.<br>
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  • <big>'''The Angevins. King Richard and King John.'''</big>
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  • ...thing that is acceptable throughout Regia Anglorum’s periods of interest and for all the ethnic groupings that we portray. All members should have a se
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  • ...xception of the Clergy who wear [[Ecclesiastical]] garments. Both [[RICH]] and [[POOR]] alike, generally have the same garments throughout our period.
    726 bytes (96 words) - 20:10, 8 January 2018
  • ...xception of the Clergy who wear [[Ecclesiastical]] garments. Both [[RICH]] and [[POOR]] alike, generally have the same garments throughout our period.
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  • ## Auto add the Top and Bottom templates to any new page
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  • ''For other stave made items see [[Regia Butter-churns|Butter-churns]] and [[Regia Bowls|Bowls]]''<br>
    1,022 bytes (146 words) - 20:47, 10 January 2018
  • ''For other styles of outer clothing worn by women see [[Women's Cloaks and Coats]]''<br>
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  • ...xception of the Clergy who wear [[Ecclesiastical]] garments. Both [[RICH]] and [[POOR]] alike, generally have the same garments throughout our period.
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  • ...xception of the Clergy who wear [[Ecclesiastical]] garments. Both [[RICH]] and [[POOR]] alike, generally have the same garments throughout our period.
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  • <li>Health and Safety Coordinator (HSC)</li>
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  • #REDIRECT [[Frisians and Carolingians]]
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  • #Redirect [[Topic: Religion and the Church]]
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  • #Redirect [[Topic: Weapons and Warfare]]
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  • #Redirect [[Topic: Crafts and Everyday Life]]
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  • File:BoneSpoonandAppleCorer2.jpg
    A copy of a bone spoon found in Winchester and an apple corer. The latter could also be a cheese tester or sampler. By Rol
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  • File:C-coal03.gif
    The clamp is finally lit and we can rest for a bit
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  • File:EdKilnCup.jpg
    ...inding of oxygen to the minerals in the clay making the pot pale in colour,and darker where oxygen was excluded
    (197 × 196 (6 KB)) - 21:39, 27 August 2018
  • File:Oven2.gif
    Raking out the hot ashes and fire from the oven. By Colin Levick.
    (250 × 81 (3 KB)) - 13:44, 28 August 2018
  • File:Quill3.gif
    ...best way to do this is to place the point of the knife inside the barrel, and lever the knife blade gently upwards, releasing pressure as soon as a crack
    (405 × 200 (7 KB)) - 11:55, 30 August 2018
  • File:Quill4.gif
    Slice a scoop from the underside of the pen, to about half its diameter, and centred on the slit.
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  • File:Bonepin.gif
    Typical Viking age bone cloak pin and bone handled knife. By Ben Levick
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  • File:Gamesmen.gif
    Viking age gaming pieces made of bone and antler. By Ben Levick.
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  • File:Fishin01.gif
    Open-eye and spade-ended hooks from the 10th century from the British Museum
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  • File:Fishin03.gif
    Methods of long-lining, both from shore and from small fishing vessels
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  • File:Fishin02.gif
    Suggested arrangement of terminal trace using bored stone, nettle-hemp line and barbed iron hook
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  • File:Glass.gif
    Early Viking glass drinking vessels were largely conical, and about 120mm or 5 inches high, developing into the bag-beaker style later on
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  • File:Hall03.gif
    The same building as Hall02.gif now clad and roofed with thatch
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  • File:Sfb02.gif
    The frames and floor in the sunken featured building
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  • File:Sfb03.gif
    The 'sunken featured building' clad and thatched.
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  • File:Fish1.gif
    Top to Bottom herring, salmon, eel and perch
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  • File:Madder.gif
    Madder (produces many hues of red, brown and orange). By Colin Levick.
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  • #REDIRECT [[Bone and Antler Working]]
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  • #REDIRECT [[Glass and Amber Working]]
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  • #REDIRECT [[Writing and Painting]]
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  • #REDIRECT [[Hunting and Fishing]]
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