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  • Officers:The Code of Law
    ...ith it, and with the other Regulations of Regia Anglorum. The Constitution and Regulations shall together be referred to as the ‘Code of Law’ (CoL) </ ...pronouns of the third person shall be deemed to be generic of both number and gender. </li>
    108 KB (18,881 words) - 20:56, 5 October 2017
  • Officers:Master at Arms Regulations
    The principal concerns of the Master-at-Arms (MaA) are the safe construction and use of Weapons and Wargear. In association with the Authenticity Officer (AO), the MaA is
    59 KB (9,763 words) - 19:00, 6 October 2017
  • The Anglo-Saxon Fyrd AD 400 - 878
    ...years of William the Conqueror's rule, England was under constant threat, and often attack, from the Northmen. ...changed a great deal in the 969 years between the time of Tacitus" writing and the battle of Hastings.
    28 KB (4,934 words) - 16:13, 27 August 2018
  • Food and Drink
    ==Fruit and Vegetables== ...hough we have documentary proof for the importation of such things as figs and grapes.<ref>Viking Age England, Julian Richards, p94.</ref>
    16 KB (2,884 words) - 15:03, 30 August 2018
  • Houses and Furniture
    ...to choose from. The problem with wooden buildings is that they catch fire and decay much more easily than stone buildings, which meant that they had to b ...parts of Scandinavia, so other materials were used as well, such as stone and turf.
    21 KB (3,650 words) - 14:44, 30 August 2018
  • The Warrior System
    ...This document has been constructed over a number of years using the ideas and influence ..., and the activities they undertake in the combat arena and outside of it, and for the most part, rewarding their efforts with a competitive edge.<br>
    22 KB (3,847 words) - 13:11, 27 October 2021
  • Gaming
    ...They were often rectangular, with the 1 and 2 on either end and the 3,4,5, and 6 on the four long sides. ...such as 'who can get the highest (or lowest) number were probably common (and are suggested by some of the sagas), as were games similar to 'liar dice' o
    21 KB (3,720 words) - 15:19, 26 October 2018
  • Anglo-Saxon Military Organisation
    ...did survive to be executed by their lord's successor for their disloyalty and lack of zeal. ...e fallen on the eorls. It was their job to summon the fyrd in emergencies, and this they, or their ðegns could have done reasonably quickly in the areas
    21 KB (3,638 words) - 20:07, 31 October 2018
  • The Anglo-Saxon Fyrd AD 878 - 1066
    ...l depended on a total reorganisation of their realm, both administratively and militarily. ...ith his own personal war-band, augmented by the war-bands of his ealdormen and thegns.
    20 KB (3,528 words) - 20:07, 31 October 2018
  • Music and Verse
    ==Stories and Songs== ...uch as 'Widsith' and 'Deor' appear to be fiction or folklore. Much history and custom was passed on by word of mouth. It is easier to remember things exac
    20 KB (3,637 words) - 18:53, 27 August 2018
  • Fishing
    ...of Anglo-Saxon Food: Processing and Consumption, Anglo-Saxon Books.</ref> and cooking <ref>For authentic recipes please see BR & SM Levick, Wulfwyn's Wor ...aught only eels. So the Bishop's men got together eel nets from all sides. and threw them into the sea. By God's help they caught three hundred fish, of a
    18 KB (3,240 words) - 14:06, 27 October 2018
  • Leather Working
    ...ather were just as important then as they are today; flexibility, strength and durability. ...d easy but if the leather got wet the oils or minerals could be washed out and the leather would begin to carry on the rotting process.
    13 KB (2,425 words) - 23:45, 30 October 2018
  • Kingmakers
    ...r tale has it that a Danish Jarl named Ulf got lost during Cnut's invasion and was guided back to his ships by a handsome, well-spoken youth to whom he to ...mark and, although only in his early twenties, became the King's companion and closest advisor. For the rest of his life, Godwin remained the most powerfu
    15 KB (2,772 words) - 17:45, 27 August 2018
  • Officers:Military Training Regulations
    ...e risk of injury is low, the potential still exists. The Military Training and Rules of Combat document is an attempt to minimise the number of injuries, ...be heavy enough to be felt, taking into account the recipient’s clothing and any armour, though it should never be so hard as to cause a person of reaso
    20 KB (3,345 words) - 20:12, 5 October 2017
  • Pastimes of the Viking and Anglo-Saxon Age
    ...ge social events such as weddings, were also an excuse for the competitive and those of the gambling persuasion to exercise their skills. If there were th ...a more legs down position in the water. This makes for tiresome swimming, and we found that the Breast stroke was the only really viable way to swim.) Co
    14 KB (2,508 words) - 18:50, 27 August 2018
  • Anglo-Saxon Social Organisation
    ...al family of Wessex was universally recognised as the English royal family and held a hereditary right to rule. Succession to the throne was not guarantee ...hire, responsible for administration and justice, for calling out the fyrd and leading its forces in the field. The office was not hereditary, but it beca
    11 KB (1,906 words) - 17:42, 27 August 2018
  • Officers:Authenticity Regulations
    ...these shortfalls it still remains my intention to publish another revised and expanded AO Guide for 2016. ...in changed considerably during Regia’s period, 793-1215AD, both socially and materialistically. Fashions changed then, just as they do today, all be it
    20 KB (3,270 words) - 19:57, 6 October 2017
  • Gallery
    Please add all images and descriptions here. Each tile can then be selected on the relevant gallery t ...mantle. Under this she wears a woollen dress cut slightly short in the arm and skirt to expose a little of the linen undershift beneath.
    27 KB (3,791 words) - 19:06, 26 January 2018
  • The Clan Ivarr
    ...eeled off. Usually, we only hear of what they did to the southern English, and rarely of what they did to each other. ...Dublin, a clan that was just as ambitious as the ruling family of Wessex, and just as determined to gain itself a kingdom in the north of England - the C
    13 KB (2,262 words) - 18:03, 27 August 2018
  • Pottery
    ...deep. Clay is very heavy, and difficult to dig out. The rest of Britain by and large had to make do with 'costly' imports that could have come from a few ...-Saxon times pottery 'urns' were used to hold ashes of people who had died and been cremated. These were then often buried in small 'barrows'. Many of the
    17 KB (2,897 words) - 20:00, 26 October 2018
  • Fauna
    ...reatures, in addition to the other wild creatures that inhabited the towns and villages including the domestic animals. ...ve had horns. Goats were also shorter versions of the feral goats of today and horses would have been much like modern Dales ponies or Icelandic Horses, n
    8 KB (1,442 words) - 15:21, 30 August 2018
  • Vikings!
    ...and giants, they swept across Europe like a forest fire raping, pillaging and destroying all in their path. Sound familiar? It should do, it's the image ...tood between the Vikings and their silver - the clerical staff of churches and abbeys.
    12 KB (2,191 words) - 17:55, 27 August 2018
  • The Long Arm of the Law
    ...observed; and the judicial, which determines whether laws have been broken and, if so, exacts punishment. ...as many differences within, say, West Saxon law as there were between that and Mercian law.
    13 KB (2,339 words) - 18:27, 27 August 2018
  • Sprang
    ...d of plaiting becomes apparent when the tension of the threads is released and the fabric can be stretched across it's width. ==Origins and history==
    10 KB (1,837 words) - 00:05, 31 October 2018
  • Archery in Anglo-Saxon England
    # How common were bows, and were they used in battle? # What type of bow was used?, and;
    19 KB (3,451 words) - 12:17, 30 August 2018
  • Who Were the Anglo-Saxons?
    The evolution of Saxon and then Anglo-Saxon Britain and the demise of the British peoples is almost all due to a fairly unknown lea ..., leaving Britain to fend for itself. Despite being 'thrown to the lions', and hanging on because of it, the rulers of Britain from that date were referre
    15 KB (2,459 words) - 17:57, 27 August 2018
  • Who Were the Normans?
    The Viking raids and invasions of the ninth and tenth century led to Scandinavian settlement in many parts of Europe. One o ...the dukedom was enlarged, and the inhabitants became less and less Viking, and more Frankish in their way of life until eventually they became the people
    10 KB (1,859 words) - 17:59, 27 August 2018
  • Feasting and Fasting
    ...ith fine wall hangings; kept warm with fires, lamps and people; the colour and splendour of the clothes kept for such occasions all added to the atmospher ...was a tender meat, in some cases game and fowl such as plover, goose, swan and even peacock were on the menu.
    9 KB (1,694 words) - 21:43, 27 August 2018
  • Non-ferrous Metalworking
    ...rge no different to 'Jeweller's Rouge' that is used today to polish silver and bronze. A popular way of finishing silver jewellery was to melt a black pas ...d evidence of mercury, as used in fire-gilding, has been excavated at York and Hedeby.
    9 KB (1,649 words) - 19:49, 26 October 2018
  • Stone Working
    ...inent in France and Germany, people were still putting up stone buildings, and still renovating the old Roman ones. ...Lincolnshire, and Earls Barton in Northamptonshire. There are many more up and down Britain, some more corrupted by later modifications than others.
    10 KB (1,719 words) - 19:46, 26 October 2018
  • Textile Crafts
    ...nze needle and a ball of yarn. They could even spin very fine silk threads and weave these into decorative braids, although it is more likely that they on ...ed fibre followed by silk. The silk would have been imported from the east and would have passed through the hands of many traders before reaching these
    11 KB (2,006 words) - 20:51, 31 October 2018
  • Officers:Living History Regulations
    ...n the bounds of the LHE. He shall work closely with the AO in this regard, and may amend but not lessen the force of the rulings of the AO in these matter ==Aims and Objectives==
    10 KB (1,590 words) - 20:09, 5 October 2017
  • Flora
    ...ape has to a great extent affected what grew where and when. The elevation and rainfall or moistness of the soil are the greatest factors which control ho ...or two in diameter and a few feet long. From this samples can be extracted and examined microscopically to analyse what types of pollen have become trappe
    7 KB (1,289 words) - 15:27, 30 August 2018
  • Charcoal Burning
    ...ath (the huge smoking crater) I present here a brief account of the gentle and ancient art of charcoal burning, as carried out in Regia's period of intere ...30 hours for 3 - 4 tons of wood (the amount we had available in the lakes) and produces, in ideal conditions, about a ton of charcoal.
    9 KB (1,713 words) - 09:59, 27 October 2018
  • Iron Working
    ...rged by the village or town smith. The demand for iron products by royalty and noblemen meant that they had their own dedicated teams of smiths. ...eted. The seams were beaten together so that they became watertight joints and didn't expand apart in the heat of the fire. There really wasn't a craftsma
    11 KB (2,072 words) - 19:48, 26 October 2018
  • Bone and Antler Working
    ...period, often for jobs for which we now use plastics. Quite a lot of bone and antler objects have survived, partly because it was widely used, but also d ...red deer antlers as an example were used almost completely, only the tines and the brow ridge being discarded occasionally.
    9 KB (1,527 words) - 00:00, 31 October 2018
  • Viking Social Organisation
    ...the unfree. This situation prevailed through the Vendel and Viking periods and was only significantly altered in the 11th century with the advent of unifi ...e slave of his creditor until he redeemed his debt. Thralls had few rights and could hold no land, so instead of being fined for lawbreaking they were bea
    9 KB (1,536 words) - 17:49, 27 August 2018
  • Woodworking
    ...that you had in mind. These natural joints are stronger than man-made ones and save the carpenter a lot of time creating joints. Wherever possible they wo ...uld be split easily (green oak can be split with a seasoned wooden wedge), and need not be sawn. The big advantage of using cleft (meaning split) timber i
    8 KB (1,420 words) - 10:03, 30 August 2018
  • Glass and Amber Working
    ==Glass and Amber Working== ...s.gif|thumb|left|Early Viking glass drinking vessels were largely conical, and about 120mm or 5 inches high, developing into the bag-beaker style later on
    10 KB (1,735 words) - 17:46, 26 October 2018
  • Scribe
    ...ment has been found. The third is the written evidence found in historical and literary sources; the most revealing in this category are the riddles. Thes ...r me, leaving black tracks. Then a man bound me, he stretched skin over me and adorned me with gold; thus am I enriched by the wondrous work of smiths, wo
    9 KB (1,562 words) - 13:56, 27 October 2018
  • The Cymry
    ...of early mediaeval Wales is bedevilled by the lack of contemporary written and pictorial sources. As a result there are long periods of time where we know ...amount. It is virtually impossible to tell which laws are twelfth century and which are earlier.
    8 KB (1,425 words) - 18:06, 27 August 2018
  • Language
    ==How the language of the Saxons and Vikings is still in use today== ...did not kill all the native Britons they did almost destroy their language and replaced the native 'Celtic' language with their own 'Germanic' tongue. Wit
    13 KB (2,186 words) - 19:34, 26 October 2018
  • Norman Social Organisation and Feudalism
    ...the ruling elite. It wasn't that they were somehow a whole people separate and above the native population who were known as the 'commoners'. It is largel ...conquest of Britain the highest rank amongst the Normans was Dux, or duke, and the title' of Duke of Normandy' was held by the English Kings from 1066 unt
    10 KB (1,709 words) - 17:46, 27 August 2018
  • Wool and Stuff
    ==Wool and Stuff== ...pe that the information I have accumulated will be of use to Regia members and others interested in this period.
    7 KB (1,173 words) - 17:24, 26 October 2018
  • Bronze Working
    ...n (and sometimes a small amount of lead). Any alloy, or mixture, of copper and tin is called bronze. Many bronze alloys also contain small amounts of othe ...lloy. Brass was also used in the period, and is often confused with Bronze and vice versa if no actual analysis is done on the 'Copper alloy' as it is cal
    6 KB (1,005 words) - 19:46, 26 October 2018
  • Part 4: Missile Weapons
    =Bows And Arrows= ...the bow end. The grip was left bare without any leather or cloth for grip, and the 'knocking point' of the arrow didn't have a sliver of horn to protect t
    9 KB (1,648 words) - 16:33, 27 August 2018
  • Pottery Kilns
    ...small fire was lit in the pit, the pots were assembled around the top edge and turned frequently, this warming prevents later explosions when the pots are ...y a turf was lifted, just to make sure that enough air was flowing through and to draw the fire slightly.
    7 KB (1,279 words) - 20:06, 26 October 2018
  • Generic - Men
    ...rousers (or hose and braies), shoes, a cloak, an under shirt, leg bindings and a leather buckled belt. Either a tunic or shirt must be worn at all times ...r linen (Optional). It should be reasonably close-fitting around the neck, and if a “keyhole” neckline is chosen, the slit should be made only large e
    8 KB (1,314 words) - 12:52, 27 October 2021
  • Viking Military Organisation
    ...is army. In addition the lord could call upon his estates to provide ships and crews (the coastal nature of Scandinavian warfare meant that armies were of ...verage guide, although if each crew had say three times the number of bows and arrows to mail shirts, then carnage was almost always guaranteed. So either
    5 KB (915 words) - 20:08, 31 October 2018
  • How the Healing Herb Became
    ...the land from the Fomorians and they were helped by their god of medicine and physic, Diancecht. ...They each climbed from the well, whole again and fit to rejoin the battle; and in this manner, which I shall forbear to call cheating, the Tuatha De Danaa
    5 KB (937 words) - 22:19, 27 August 2018

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